Molecular Engineering of Porphyrins as Organocatalysts and Methods Development for New Highly Substituted Porphyrins
Citation:
KIELMANN, MARC, Molecular Engineering of Porphyrins as Organocatalysts and Methods Development for New Highly Substituted Porphyrins, Trinity College Dublin.School of Chemistry, 2019Download Item:
Abstract:
Chapter 1 introduces the N–H…X binding motif in tetrapyrroles, which forms the basis of the research carried out on organocatalytically active porphyrins in Chapters 3.1–3.3. Specifically, the role of porphyrin(oid) ligands in various coordination-type complexes, means to access the core for hydrogen bonding, and the concept of conformational control are discussed. As will be shown, a good understanding of these aspects is vital to promote emerging applications for porphyrins, such as organocatalysis and sensors. Chapters 3.1 and 3.2 focus on the synthesis of potential nonplanar porphyrin organocatalysts and their application in Michael additions and Henry reactions. This was propelled by the idea that the bifunctional core of tetrapyrroles should be accessible for intermolecular interactions upon sufficient distortion of the macrocycles. An underlying principle is that in planar porphyrins, the inner core system, which has basic imine and acidic amine groups, is buried within the macrocycle plane. As a result, a molecular engineering approach was perused in order to reshape the vector of N/N–H orientation outwards and allow these functional groups to activate appropriate small molecules. This was successfully transformed into a first case study where highly substituted porphyrins, such as 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (H2OETPP, 74) acted as efficient organocatalysts. In Chapter 3.3, a series of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrins with graded degrees of β-ethyl substitution was applied in sulfa-Michael test reactions to correlate the degree of nonplanarity with their catalytic activity. The aim was to provide a better understanding and additional proof for the likely bifunctional mode of activation, accompanied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Chapters 3.4 and 3.5 focus on methods development to produce new highly substituted porphyrins with tailored properties. First, in Chapter 3.4, a series of porphyrin thioethers was synthesized from 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-5,10,15,20-tetranitroporphyrin (H2OETNP, 95) in straightforward substitution reactions followed by their thorough structural evaluation in the solid state. At the same time, a new IV methodology for the stepwise denitration of 95 was elaborated and accompanied by single crystal X-ray structural analyses of all 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrins with 1–4 meso-nitro groups. Therein, the goal was to to deduce interrelationships between substituent pattern, specific conformations, and potential for new applications. Next, in Chapter 3.5, it was attempted to introduce a new general-purpose method for preparing regioisomerically pure, highly substituted type I porphyrins based on steric considerations. Through rational choice of easily accessible aldehyde and pyrrole components with tailored steric bulk, it was possible to synthesize several type I porphyrins that were not contaminated by other type isomers. This is important because porphyrin type isomers have synthetic and biological relevance. Therefore, a reliable route to access a broad range of such compounds is an important step towards the design and engineering of systems for biomedical studies.
Sponsor
Grant Number
Science Foundation Ireland (SFI for RF)
Author's Homepage:
https://tcdlocalportal.tcd.ie/pls/EnterApex/f?p=800:71:0::::P71_USERNAME:KIELMANMDescription:
APPROVED
Author: KIELMANN, MARC
Advisor:
Senge, MathiasPublisher:
Trinity College Dublin. School of Chemistry. Discipline of ChemistryType of material:
ThesisAvailability:
Full text availableMetadata
Show full item recordLicences:
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Stannyl porphyrins, ferrocenyl porphyrins and nonplanar porphyrins : synthesis and photophysical properties
Bakar, Muntaz Abu (Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). School of Chemistry, 2012)The aim of this work was to synthesis the tin porphyrins, ferrocene porphyrins and nonplanar multiporphyrins arrays. The next step was to investigate their photophysical properties. -
An X-ray absorption and photoemission study of the electronic structure of Ni porphyrins and Ni N-confused porphyrin
SENGE, MATHIAS; SERGEEVA, NATALIA (2008)Investigations of chemical bonding and electronic structure features for polycrystalline (porphyrinato)nickel (II) (NiP, the simplest Ni porphyrin), (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)nickel (II) (NiTPP) and (2-aza-2 ... -
Ni porphyrins and N-confused porphyrin: electronic structure studied by X-ray absorption
SENGE, MATHIAS (2009)Due to their unique properties transition metal porphyrins are widely used in many technological applications such as sensors, solar cells, nonlinear optics and nanomaterials [1]. During the last decade the coordination ...